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The pound has battled through a challenging summer that has featured a new prime minister, speculation around interest rates and lingering concerns that the war in the Middle East would spill over into a prolonged period of high inflation. In the main, it has emerged with credit, ending August almost a cent and a half stronger against the euro and the US dollar compared to the start of June.

We’ve now reached the time of year when many market participants return from their sun loungers and the action kicks into a higher gear. There are still many unanswered questions, making trying to second guess what might happen this autumn a very risky business.

Thursday was a relatively quiet day in currency markets. Most of the movements came in other parts of the financial landscape, with the high price of oil and gas again putting pressure on government borrowing costs, as well as pretty much any publicly listed company that isn’t linked to AI.

Before the week is out, focus is trained on the picturesque Wyoming mountains, where Kevin Warsh will make his first speech at the annual Jackson Hole symposium as Federal Reserve chair. US inflation remains stubbornly high and investors have been fretting about whether Warsh believes interest rates may need to rise again, as well as how he plans to manage the Treasury’s controversial intervention in the bond market.

We were expecting to get the latest update from Nationwide on house prices this morning, but it looks as though that report has been pushed to the other side of the long weekend. And while the UK enjoys a late-summer break, plenty of markets across the world will be very much open, including Germany, which reports its latest inflation data on Monday.

GBP: A stormy August

Despite its reputation for calm, August has proved a tempestuous month for the pound. Sterling ranged by a cent against the euro and by close to four cents against the US dollar in that time, as the twin themes of interest rates and geopolitics combined over the summer.

GBP/USD: the past year

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EUR: France kicks off key inflation blitz

France was the first eurozone nation to report July's inflation data this morning. With the consumer price index increasing by more than expected to an annualised 2.4%, its joint-highest read since the start of 2024, there is a chance that the clamour for rate hikes takes the euro higher at the expense of its rivals.

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USD: Between a rock and a hard place

Kevin Warsh, Governor of the Federal Reserve, is set to make a key speech after over a week of turmoil for the US dollar. Warsh is looking to pull off the delicate balancing act of reassuring markets that the Treasury’s intervention in the bond market won’t cause a rise in inflation. Can he do it? The answer to that question could be key for the US dollar.

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